Because of their developing or weakened immune systems, children below five years and the elderly are particularly vulnerable. Lucknow: As air quality continues to deteriorate, doctors have warned that prolonged exposure to pollution can weaken the lungs’ natural defences and increase the risk of respiratory infections, including pneumonia .
The 2026 theme, ‘A New Era of Pneumonia Control’, highlights advances in vaccines, diagnostic tools and treatment. Pneumonia claims more than seven lakh lives among children below five every year, including around 1.9 lakh newborns, according to global estimates. A child dies from the infection every 43 seconds.
Patients should consult a doctor for diagnosis and take antibiotics only when prescribed,” she said. Dr Abhishek Tandon, consultant, respiratory and sleep medicine, Medanta Hospital, said the respiratory tract had natural defence mechanisms, including mucus and tiny hair-like structures called cilia, which help remove inhaled particles and microorganisms. Prof Awasthi also cautioned against taking antibiotics over the counter without medical advice. “Pneumonia can be caused by viruses or bacteria, and antibiotics are effective only against bacterial infections. Unnecessary use can lead to antibiotic resistance and delay appropriate treatment. Doctors stressed that vaccination, adequate nutrition, clean indoor air, early diagnosis and timely treatment are important in preventing pneumonia and reducing the risk of complications.